Kudzu Powder is a fine white powder extracted from the dried root of Pueraria plants. It is neutral in nature and sweet in taste, traditionally used to relieve fever, quench thirst, and alleviate diarrhea. It is also commonly consumed as a food.
Bran-Fried Atractylodes with bran is a processed herbal ingredient made by stir-frying Atractylodesmacrocephala with wheat bran. It is widely used in traditional herbal preparations and supplied as araw material for herbal products.
Gleditsia spine refers to the dried thorns of leguminous plants such as *Gleditsia sinensis*, and its English common name is Gleditsia Spine.
Cassia twig is the dried young branch of *Cinnamomum cassia* (cinnamon tree), a plant belonging to the laurel family, and is commonly known in English as Cinnamon Twig.
Hongteng (or Daixueteng) is the dried stem of *Sargentodoxa cuneata*, a plant belonging to the family Sargentodoxaceae, commonly known in English as Sargentodoxa Vine.
In the modern sense, the term "Mutong" (木通) primarily refers to *Akebia quinata* (Akebia) of the Lardizabalaceae family or *Clematis armandii* (Sichuan Clematis) of the Ranunculaceae family, with their English names being Akebia Stem and Clematis Stem, respectively.
Yuanhu (Corydalis yanhusuo) is the dried tuber of the plant *Corydalis yanhusuo*, a member of the poppy family. Its common English name is Corydalis Rhizome.
Polyporus umbellatus is a fungus, not a higher plant. Its medicinal part is the dried sclerotium.
Chenpi is the dried and aged peel of mature fruits from various cultivated varieties of the Citrus genus (primarily *Citrus reticulata* and its cultivars) belonging to the Rutaceae family, and is commonly known in English as Dried Tangerine Peel.
