Black Atractylodes Rhizome
Cang Zhu is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, a perennial herb in the Asteraceae family. It is widely cultivated in China and valued for its distinctive aromatic fragrance.
-
Gleditsia thorns
Gleditsia spine refers to the dried thorns of leguminous plants such as *Gleditsia sinensis*, and its English common name is Gleditsia Spine.
-
Cinnamon twig
Cassia twig is the dried young branch of *Cinnamomum cassia* (cinnamon tree), a plant belonging to the laurel family, and is commonly known in English as Cinnamon Twig.
-
Red Vine
Hongteng (or Daixueteng) is the dried stem of *Sargentodoxa cuneata*, a plant belonging to the family Sargentodoxaceae, commonly known in English as Sargentodoxa Vine.
-
Akebiae Caulis
In the modern sense, the term "Mutong" (木通) primarily refers to *Akebia quinata* (Akebia) of the Lardizabalaceae family or *Clematis armandii* (Sichuan Clematis) of the Ranunculaceae family, with their English names being Akebia Stem and Clematis Stem, respectively.
-
Corydalis Rhizome/Yanhusuo
Yuanhu (Corydalis yanhusuo) is the dried tuber of the plant *Corydalis yanhusuo*, a member of the poppy family. Its common English name is Corydalis Rhizome.
-
Zhu Ling
Polyporus umbellatus is a fungus, not a higher plant. Its medicinal part is the dried sclerotium.
-
Citrus Peel
Chenpi is the dried and aged peel of mature fruits from various cultivated varieties of the Citrus genus (primarily *Citrus reticulata* and its cultivars) belonging to the Rutaceae family, and is commonly known in English as Dried Tangerine Peel.
-
Baical Skullcap Root
Scutellaria baicalensis is the dried root of the plant *Scutellaria baicalensis*, commonly known in English as Baical Skullcap Root.
